定语从句有哪些
定语从句是复合句的一种,它在句子中作定语,修饰名词或代词,定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, that, which等)或关系副词(如when, where, why等)引导,根据从句在句子中的作用和功能,定语从句可以分为以下几类:
1、限定性定语从句:用于限制先行词的特定范围,起到形容词的作用,The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
2、非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,但不具备限定作用,通常用逗号与主句隔开,My friend, who lives in Beijing, is a teacher.(我住在北京的朋友是一名教师。)
3、关系代词在定语从句中的用法:
a. who:指人,作主语、宾语和表语,The woman who is singing is my sister.(唱歌的女人是我姐姐。)
b. whom:指人,作宾语,The man to whom I spoke is a doctor.(我跟他说话的那个人是个医生。)
c. whose:指物,作定语,The house whose windows are broken needs repair.(窗户破了的房子需要修理。)
d. that:指物,作主语、宾语和表语,在一些情况下,that可以省略,This is the book that I want to read.(这是我想读的书。)
e. which:指物,作主语、宾语和表语,在一些情况下,which可以省略,The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的车是我的。)
4、关系副词在定语从句中的用法:
a. when:表示时间,I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们靠前次见面的那一天。)
b. where:表示地点,This is the restaurant where I had dinner last night.(这就是我昨晚吃晚餐的那家餐馆。)
c. why:表示原因,The reason why he was late is that his car broke down.(他迟到的原因是他的车坏了。)
通过以上解答,我们可以了解到定语从句的基本概念、分类以及关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法,希望这些信息能帮助您更好地理解和运用定语从句。